safety Archives

Windsocks in Aviation: Speed & Direction

The visual guide above shows how a windsock’s angle and extension help pilots estimate wind speed and direction during flight operations, enhancing safety on the runway. In this article, I’ll define them, explain their meaning, and explore their installation, calibration. They plan an essential role in preflight checks and runway wind condition assessments. Quick Navigation to Windsocks The Basics Safety for Pilots General Information What is a windsock? Every airport, whether a small rural airstrip like Massey Ranch Airpark or a busy international hub like Orlando International Airport, features one key visual tool for pilots: the windsock. These simple-looking devices play a critical role in flight safety by serving as aerodrome wind indicators. A windsock, also called a wind direction … Read more

Understanding Aviation Fuel: Types, Uses, and Safety

Aviation fuel powers the world’s aircraft, supporting countless commercial, general, and military flights each year. From jet fuel to avgas, this vital resource comes in various grades and compositions, each with specific performance characteristics. In this article, I’ll explore what aviation fuel is, how it’s used, safety issues, and the future of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Quick Navigation to Aviation Fuel The Basics Supply Safety General Information What is Aviation Fuel? What Aviation fuel refers to any fuel used to power airplanes or aeroplanes, primarily Jet A/Jet A-1, Jet B, and aviation gasoline (avgas). The chemical formula, composition, autoignition temperature, and flash point vary depending on the type. These properties are key to ensuring safe engine performance under extreme conditions. … Read more

Understanding Ailerons: What are they and how do they work?

Ailerons are essential flight control surfaces mounted on the trailing edges of an airplane’s wings. Their primary function is to control the aircraft’s movement along the roll axis, which allows the aircraft to bank left or right. Whether flying a Cessna Skyhawk here at Epic or a Boeing 737 for the airlines, understanding how they work is fundamental to aircraft operation and maintenance. Quick Navigation to Ailerons Basic Functions Types and Designs Training Issues General Information What do ailerons do? The function of ailerons is to manage roll control by creating differential lift on each wing. When the right aileron deflects downward and the left aileron upward, the airplane rolls to the left, and vice versa. This movement is coordinated … Read more

What is a checkride for pilots?

Think of the checkride as a final exam for pilots! Read on to learn what they are, how to prepare, and what to do if you need to retake the checkride. Quick Navigation to Checkrides Checkride Overview Checkride Performance Logistics & Preparation Checkride Success Practical Pilot Exam For a pilot, few events are more satisfying than passing a checkride and earning that certification! A pilot checkride is the FAA practical test required to receive a specific pilot certificate or rating, such as the Private Pilot License (PPL) or Instrument Rating (IR). This practical evaluation serves as a final exam following months of flight training. Under the supervision of a Certified Flight Instructor (CFI), pilots practice maneuvers, prepare study materials, and … Read more

What is a Pitot Tube?

A simple definition for a pitot tube is a device used to measure the speed of a fluid, usually air. Pitot tubes are crucial for aircraft. They feed data to the airspeed indicator, which informs pilots as to how fast they’re flying relative to the surrounding air. A blocked or malfunctioning pitot tube can lead to incorrect readings, which can create serious flight safety risks. Pitot tubes are an important part on every aircraft. Quick Navigation to Pitot Tubes The Basics of Pitot Tubes: Exploring and Understanding Venturi Maintaining the Pitot-Static System More on the Pitot Tube Understanding How a Pitot Tube Works Understanding the Two Key Openings in a Prandtl Pitot Tube: Front-facing (impact) opening (hole): Also known as … Read more

Aircraft Lighting: Types, Importance, and Regulations

Aircraft lighting plays a critical role in aviation safety and operation. Lighting helps pilots navigate and communicate. Proper lighting is required to comply with FAA and ICAO regulations. From anti-collision lights to position lights, each system serves a unique function. Proper lights on aircraft ensure both commercial pilots and military aviators can fly safely in all conditions. In this guide, I examine the history, importance, and aspects of aircraft lighting while providing a guide for aviation enthusiasts, mechanics, and pilots. Quick Navigation to Aircraft Lights The Basics: Types and Regulations Functions and Safety Past, Present, and Future Types of Aircraft Lights and Their Roles There are two main types of aircraft lighting: interior and exterior. Interior lighting improves visibility inside … Read more

What is a Squawk Box in Aviation?

A “squawk box” is an essential piece of aviation communications. Its technical name is a transponder. It’s a radio frequency identification (RFID) device that sends a signal, or “squawk,” to air traffic control (ATC) radar systems. The squawk helps controllers identify each radar blip as a specific flight. It is a critical tool that communicates between an aircraft and ATC. The transponder helps identify the aircraft, transmits its altitude, and alerts ATC to emergencies. Both pilots and controllers must understand how a squawk box works and its unique role in maintaining safe flight operations. In this article, I’ll share the origin and functions of a squawk box, the meaning of squawk codes, and practical applications. I’ll also include related aviation … Read more

VFR Pilot Rating vs IFR Pilot Rating: What is the difference?

The short answer is: VFR pilots can only fly in good visibility. IFR pilots can fly when visibility is poor. Quick Navigation to Understanding VFR and IFR Definitions: What do the terms “VFR” and “IFR” mean? The acronyms VFR and IFR stand for different types of FAA pilot certifications. VFR stands for “Visual Flight Rules.” This means that a VFR-rated pilot must follow specific guidelines when flying using visual references. A pilot holding a Private Pilot License (PPL) must fly in VFR conditions. IFR stands for “Instrument Flight Rules” and allows a pilot who is Instrument Rated (IR) to operate an aircraft by relying almost solely on instruments. Once a pilot holds a PPL, the next step is to be Instrument … Read more

Epic and WINGS

Captain Judy’s Corner: Flight Training Safety Factors Is flight training safe? Yes! Many factors impact the answer to this question. For example, pilots must pass vision and physical exams, and aircraft must be regularly inspected and maintained for safety. Epic and WINGS are synonymous with safety. The Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) 91.3 states clearly it is the responsibility and authority of the pilot in command. (a) The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft. The pilot is responsible for the safety of flight. Student pilots with limited experience sometimes are unsure on where to begin this safety process, especially when choosing a flight school. A few considerations to determine if a school meets … Read more

Epic Red Tails In The Sky

Safety First “Aircraft on final for runway 9, winds favor runway 27. Red Grumman departing runway 27.” Over 25 years ago, and I still vividly recall the departure at this Class G, uncontrolled airport. The incoming white aircraft never acknowledged my radio call. Every year, runway incursions, traffic conflicts, mid-air collisions, and near misses occur. The FAA FAST Team reports an average of 30 mid-air collisions in the United States each year. Mid-air collisions are generally reported below 8,000 feet AGL, within 30 miles of an airport, and involving aircraft with communication equipment. Radios are not required equipment in Class E, Class G, or at uncontrolled airports. The FAA advises playing it safe and making radio calls if equipped. The … Read more